Imagine having first-hand, verifiable knowledge that patrons of a particular restaurant routinely experience food poisoning. After eating there, their stomach and intestinal distress is so bad that it leads to serious illness. Imagine reading about the effects of prolonged exposure to this establishment's unhealthy conditions, not doubting the veracity of the accounts at all. Now imagine arriving at the conclusion that it is acceptable for your children to eat at this restaurant because, well, it's free. I mean, you don't have to pay extra -- it already comes out of your tax dollars; besides, you want them to be missionaries to those who think the restaurant is a fine place to eat.
I believe I have made my point. The fact that so many professing Christians continue to patronize the secular educational establishment of the public school which has widely acknowledged failures across the board -- academically, spiritually, emotionally, physically, and socially -- speaks to the moral apathy and irresponsibility of our day. Moreover, it will doom the next generation to the poisonous mindsets and solutions of our day that have, as their baseline, antipathy to God's holy Word.
The issue is how God's people will prepare themselves to be useful members of His Kingdom. If the answers in all disciplines (economics, history, political science, medicine, and counseling, to name a few) are not grounded in the Word of God, then the future belongs to those who hate God and the Bible. If however the Faithful continue to challenge every thought and bring each idea into captivity to the obedience of Christ, then God will be glorified and pleased to bless His people. In order to accomplish this, Christians must surround themselves with instructional materials and teachers that are self-consciously biblical and which not only profess allegiance to Christ but also teach a deliberate biblical application as well.
Back to my restaurant analogy… It's time for those who bear the name of Christ to stop eating and approving of "bad food." And, it's time for those of us who know better to no longer mince words.
Thursday, September 20, 2007
Wednesday, September 12, 2007
Have You Ever Said Any of These Things to Your Children?
This may take a couple of viewings to appreciate it fully.
Thursday, September 6, 2007
School Daze
It's mid-September and all the back to school ads and displays have given way to enticements for us to make purchases for Halloween, Thanksgiving, and Christmas. The “back to school” savings are passé now that the kids are back in school. However, what remains fairly constant as the newness of the first week of school wanes is the response of many students when asked, "How is school this year?" "The same as always -- boring."
I'm not sure my children ever called our homeschool boring. They may have had other choice words to describe it during those seasons when things weren't going the way they wished. But, I don't recall boring being a part of the complaint. For you see, I made a concerted effort to relate whatever was being studied to real life with real application being a very important part of the mix. Whenever we found ourselves in the midst of any activity that had no bearing on real-world application, I replaced it with another that fit the requirement. Boredom is the enemy of learning.
From a biblical standpoint, every subject should excite and encourage a student to know more about God and want to serve Him eagerly. That said, not everyone in a teaching role has the ability or inclination to bring enthusiasm into all subject areas. This is where the homeschool setting has an advantage: you can outsource. I've done this for my children with piano lessons, karate classes, dance instruction, choirs, golf coaching etc. I've also utilized teaching videos and online instruction to bring master teachers into my home to teach my students. But, there are some guidelines that I feel very strongly about:
Rule #1 – Never place your student under the instruction of someone who does not love the subject he or she is teaching. The letters after the name or the certification received from a school of higher learning are no guarantee that the teacher has what it takes to impart a standard of excellence or purpose.
Rule #2 – The best teachers will be those who share your view about God, creation, the presence of sin in the world, and the reality of and necessity for biblical atonement. Granted that is not always possible, but should you choose to receive help for your children from those not of the faith, be sure you have ready access to sitting in on lessons and maintain a hands-on approach to what is going on.
Rule #3 – Monitor your student's eagerness for lesson times with these outsourced instructors. If there is a reluctance to practice or work on the assignment, be sure there is nothing "wrong" with the situation itself. I can remember as a child taking guitar lessons after begging my parents to let me start, only to want them to end when the instructor kept getting "too friendly" during the lessons. Not having the understanding that I should share this information, I merely acted as though I really didn't like the guitar after all.
Rule # 4 – Don't be surprised if your children come back quoting the outside teacher over and over with comments like, "Mr. Jones says that when he was a kid…," or "Miss Smith told me she thought I would be good at…" Instead of feeling discouraged that your offspring don't talk about you that way, realize that they are being acclimated to the idea of mentors and being mentored. Besides, you'll often find that the "experts" say many of the things you've been saying all along. Instead of responding, "I've been telling you that for years," smile and appreciate the fact that even Jesus acknowledged that, "A prophet is not without honour, but in his own country, and among his own kin, and in his own house" (Mark 6:4).
In the homeschool setting, you must stay abreast of curriculum choices and new ways to breathe life into seemingly boring subjects. Homeschool conventions and curriculum marketplaces are easy ways to do this. Also, within most church congregations there are people whose jobs involve utilizing the very things your children are learning. Seeking out these folks and asking them to spend some time with your children can be helpful.
Lastly, if you as a teacher find a subject area boring, apply the steps outlined above to yourself. Your kids know how to read you like a book. If they can tell you are disconnected with the material, you'll never be able to convince them that it is a worthwhile thing to study and learn. You have to practice what you preach.
I'm not sure my children ever called our homeschool boring. They may have had other choice words to describe it during those seasons when things weren't going the way they wished. But, I don't recall boring being a part of the complaint. For you see, I made a concerted effort to relate whatever was being studied to real life with real application being a very important part of the mix. Whenever we found ourselves in the midst of any activity that had no bearing on real-world application, I replaced it with another that fit the requirement. Boredom is the enemy of learning.
From a biblical standpoint, every subject should excite and encourage a student to know more about God and want to serve Him eagerly. That said, not everyone in a teaching role has the ability or inclination to bring enthusiasm into all subject areas. This is where the homeschool setting has an advantage: you can outsource. I've done this for my children with piano lessons, karate classes, dance instruction, choirs, golf coaching etc. I've also utilized teaching videos and online instruction to bring master teachers into my home to teach my students. But, there are some guidelines that I feel very strongly about:
Rule #1 – Never place your student under the instruction of someone who does not love the subject he or she is teaching. The letters after the name or the certification received from a school of higher learning are no guarantee that the teacher has what it takes to impart a standard of excellence or purpose.
Rule #2 – The best teachers will be those who share your view about God, creation, the presence of sin in the world, and the reality of and necessity for biblical atonement. Granted that is not always possible, but should you choose to receive help for your children from those not of the faith, be sure you have ready access to sitting in on lessons and maintain a hands-on approach to what is going on.
Rule #3 – Monitor your student's eagerness for lesson times with these outsourced instructors. If there is a reluctance to practice or work on the assignment, be sure there is nothing "wrong" with the situation itself. I can remember as a child taking guitar lessons after begging my parents to let me start, only to want them to end when the instructor kept getting "too friendly" during the lessons. Not having the understanding that I should share this information, I merely acted as though I really didn't like the guitar after all.
Rule # 4 – Don't be surprised if your children come back quoting the outside teacher over and over with comments like, "Mr. Jones says that when he was a kid…," or "Miss Smith told me she thought I would be good at…" Instead of feeling discouraged that your offspring don't talk about you that way, realize that they are being acclimated to the idea of mentors and being mentored. Besides, you'll often find that the "experts" say many of the things you've been saying all along. Instead of responding, "I've been telling you that for years," smile and appreciate the fact that even Jesus acknowledged that, "A prophet is not without honour, but in his own country, and among his own kin, and in his own house" (Mark 6:4).
In the homeschool setting, you must stay abreast of curriculum choices and new ways to breathe life into seemingly boring subjects. Homeschool conventions and curriculum marketplaces are easy ways to do this. Also, within most church congregations there are people whose jobs involve utilizing the very things your children are learning. Seeking out these folks and asking them to spend some time with your children can be helpful.
Lastly, if you as a teacher find a subject area boring, apply the steps outlined above to yourself. Your kids know how to read you like a book. If they can tell you are disconnected with the material, you'll never be able to convince them that it is a worthwhile thing to study and learn. You have to practice what you preach.
Friday, August 24, 2007
Testing....1..2..3
Don't you just love it when someone gets up to a microphone to determine if it is working? "Testing….1, 2, 3…" Why don't people say, "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth," or "Honor your father and your mother," or "Forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us"? All kidding aside, I believe our culture places the wrong emphasis on testing – as if one test, or a series of them, can determine competence.
What are tests, in the modern academic sense? They are ways of measuring whether or not someone has grasped the material studied. But do they indicate whether or not the person who can give the correct answer will apply that correct answer when called upon to do so? Most definitely not. Biblically, a test is an opportunity to see if one's profession matches one's confession. Consider the parable of the Good Samaritan. The Levite and the priest would have been able to give the correct answer regarding whether a person injured on the side of the road should be helped. But, their actions betrayed their actual beliefs and their application of them.
I do not deplore using tests to measure material grasped. I'm merely suggesting that there are other means of determining (much better than written tests) how much of what you've taught has been learned. For example, discussion and pertinent exploratory questions often reveal much more than a series of True/False or multiple choice responses. Although essay writing is a valuable skill and one that should be mastered, that particular method of demonstrating understanding has more to do with practicality (one teacher can't talk at length with 20 students) than being the quintessential measuring stick of understanding.
The other problem with testing is that it reduces learning to a "make it or break it" point in time whereby one gets to the next step (or not) depending on how well the test questions are answered. It gives the test-makers an inordinate amount of power over others, not to mention an almost divine status, in that it says they know the best questions to ask. By isolating all that was learned into a time of testing lasting 1 – 3 hours, a false priority is given to "giving the right answer" when nuance or circumstances could change a response drastically. In short, it makes the test-taker more concerned with proving his knowledge rather than applying his knowledge.
Testing has become so entrenched in modern academic pursuits that it is hard to imagine a time when this method will fall into disuse. However, while preparing students for PSATs, SATs, ACTs, and all the “alphabet” tests, it is vital that those areas which will have most relevance to their everyday lives as adults receive the proper focus and attention. In truth, our children will more likely be called upon to determine the character of a future employer or employee than determining whether or not various triangles are congruent. They will be faced with political promises from aspiring candidates and need to be able to effectively judge the truth or falsity of their claims and premises rather than be able to recite from memory the various parts of a eukaryotic cell.
The testing that ultimately matters involves meeting the challenges of everyday life in such a way that our actions and decisions, as well as those of our children, are obviously and deliberately being premised on the authority and sufficiency of the Holy Word of God.
What are tests, in the modern academic sense? They are ways of measuring whether or not someone has grasped the material studied. But do they indicate whether or not the person who can give the correct answer will apply that correct answer when called upon to do so? Most definitely not. Biblically, a test is an opportunity to see if one's profession matches one's confession. Consider the parable of the Good Samaritan. The Levite and the priest would have been able to give the correct answer regarding whether a person injured on the side of the road should be helped. But, their actions betrayed their actual beliefs and their application of them.
I do not deplore using tests to measure material grasped. I'm merely suggesting that there are other means of determining (much better than written tests) how much of what you've taught has been learned. For example, discussion and pertinent exploratory questions often reveal much more than a series of True/False or multiple choice responses. Although essay writing is a valuable skill and one that should be mastered, that particular method of demonstrating understanding has more to do with practicality (one teacher can't talk at length with 20 students) than being the quintessential measuring stick of understanding.
The other problem with testing is that it reduces learning to a "make it or break it" point in time whereby one gets to the next step (or not) depending on how well the test questions are answered. It gives the test-makers an inordinate amount of power over others, not to mention an almost divine status, in that it says they know the best questions to ask. By isolating all that was learned into a time of testing lasting 1 – 3 hours, a false priority is given to "giving the right answer" when nuance or circumstances could change a response drastically. In short, it makes the test-taker more concerned with proving his knowledge rather than applying his knowledge.
Testing has become so entrenched in modern academic pursuits that it is hard to imagine a time when this method will fall into disuse. However, while preparing students for PSATs, SATs, ACTs, and all the “alphabet” tests, it is vital that those areas which will have most relevance to their everyday lives as adults receive the proper focus and attention. In truth, our children will more likely be called upon to determine the character of a future employer or employee than determining whether or not various triangles are congruent. They will be faced with political promises from aspiring candidates and need to be able to effectively judge the truth or falsity of their claims and premises rather than be able to recite from memory the various parts of a eukaryotic cell.
The testing that ultimately matters involves meeting the challenges of everyday life in such a way that our actions and decisions, as well as those of our children, are obviously and deliberately being premised on the authority and sufficiency of the Holy Word of God.
Thursday, August 9, 2007
Conclusions
Teaching is a risky business. What if your students do not really learn the truths you wish to convey? Worse yet, what if they come up with the "wrong" conclusions about what you instructed – perspectives quite different from your own?
If you are a teacher in a day school setting, you might file this under the category of the cost of doing business. But if you are a home educator, your graduates don't migrate away only to return for periodic school reunions. As a parent/teacher you get to see them and interact with them on a regular basis for the rest of your life. You’ll even be playing with their children someday.
It is precisely for this reason that the homeschool needs to be the place where all things are taught from and related to the Word of God. As in the parable of the sower, the home schooling parent is responsible for sowing good seed and must be more concerned with sowing than on the ground where the seed lands. Nowhere in that parable does Jesus hold the sower responsible for the ground on which the seeds end up. If one's children don’t see eye-to-eye on all matters and concerns, it isn’t a failure on the part of the teacher. By the same token, if children see everything in alignment with their parents without any deviation or disparity, it could mean that both parent and child are mistaken. My point is what they end up thinking does not validate or invalidate the teaching you provided. What we are called to be is faithful; the regenerating and sanctifying work in their lives is under the control and jurisdiction of the Holy Spirit.
I have very definite views on current events that my adult children don't always agree with. Rather than make it so we cannot discuss these things, we often have lively debates that result in potent food for thought. Rarely do we alter our positions entirely, but I am continually amazed at how well reasoned out their arguments are. Just recently, after one such dialogue with my son via email, I inquired, "How did you get to be so smart?" His reply, "My teacher made me think too much!!"
R. J. Rushdoony exemplified teaching the Word of God rather than merely transmitting his own conclusions. His writings and lectures did not have as a focus persuasion. No, his work and mission were much more vital than that. He was convinced that if he presented the Word of God faithfully, the Holy Spirit would lead his listeners into all Truth. We homeschooling parents can learn a lot from him, not only from his message (the Bible speaks to all areas of life and thought), but his also from his method (unabashedly premising all perspectives from an orthodox, biblical perspective). In the end, that's the kind of legacy that is worth recording on one’s lifetime resume: Were we found faithful in raising our children in the nurture and admonition of the Lord?
If you are a teacher in a day school setting, you might file this under the category of the cost of doing business. But if you are a home educator, your graduates don't migrate away only to return for periodic school reunions. As a parent/teacher you get to see them and interact with them on a regular basis for the rest of your life. You’ll even be playing with their children someday.
It is precisely for this reason that the homeschool needs to be the place where all things are taught from and related to the Word of God. As in the parable of the sower, the home schooling parent is responsible for sowing good seed and must be more concerned with sowing than on the ground where the seed lands. Nowhere in that parable does Jesus hold the sower responsible for the ground on which the seeds end up. If one's children don’t see eye-to-eye on all matters and concerns, it isn’t a failure on the part of the teacher. By the same token, if children see everything in alignment with their parents without any deviation or disparity, it could mean that both parent and child are mistaken. My point is what they end up thinking does not validate or invalidate the teaching you provided. What we are called to be is faithful; the regenerating and sanctifying work in their lives is under the control and jurisdiction of the Holy Spirit.
I have very definite views on current events that my adult children don't always agree with. Rather than make it so we cannot discuss these things, we often have lively debates that result in potent food for thought. Rarely do we alter our positions entirely, but I am continually amazed at how well reasoned out their arguments are. Just recently, after one such dialogue with my son via email, I inquired, "How did you get to be so smart?" His reply, "My teacher made me think too much!!"
R. J. Rushdoony exemplified teaching the Word of God rather than merely transmitting his own conclusions. His writings and lectures did not have as a focus persuasion. No, his work and mission were much more vital than that. He was convinced that if he presented the Word of God faithfully, the Holy Spirit would lead his listeners into all Truth. We homeschooling parents can learn a lot from him, not only from his message (the Bible speaks to all areas of life and thought), but his also from his method (unabashedly premising all perspectives from an orthodox, biblical perspective). In the end, that's the kind of legacy that is worth recording on one’s lifetime resume: Were we found faithful in raising our children in the nurture and admonition of the Lord?
Tuesday, August 7, 2007
Straining Definitions
Definitions serve the purpose of designating not only what something is but also what it is not. For example, a glass can be defined as a clear receptacle used for drinking that holds liquids that are cold or room temperature. This definition makes a glass different from a plate which is a receptacle that is not designed to hold liquids whether they are hot or cold. Thus, one would use a glass for water, milk, or wine, but use a plate for food. It isn't so much that you can't use one in the other's place, but when you do, you alter its purpose and usefulness.
Recently while at a golf tournament, I walked around with a young man there in support of a girl who was paired with my daughter. I asked how he happened to know Jessica -- was he a brother, a boyfriend, or just a friend? He answered that he was her brother -- her stepbrother. Since a round of golf takes a good 4+ hours, Mark and I had a long chance to talk. I discovered that he was an athlete who competes in the junior Olympics for track and field and that he had just graduated from high school. Midway through the round I asked how long he and Jessica had been stepbrother and stepsister. He answered, "Well, we're not actually brother and sister at all. Our parents have been engaged for nine years, so we sort of call ourselves that. I don't know why they haven't gotten married yet…I guess they want to be sure."
So, how do you define brother and sister? These young people were forced to adopt a relationship that wasn't really theirs. No doubt, they wanted to fit into some recognizable category. When I discussed this with my daughter, she looked at me dumbfounded and said that Jessica had identified Mark as her boyfriend, indicating a dating relationship. When I told her what he had told me, my daughter responded, "That's gross! Dating your brother!"
But think about it. Assuming you have no issue with dating in general, what exactly was "gross" about their relationship? They really aren't brother and sister at all. The fact that they had been thrown together since they were nine and seven years old respectively set up a confusing and non-defined relationship. I let my daughter know that the fault lay with their respective parents who, no doubt, were more interested in gratifying their own desires than caring for the well-being of their children.
Is it any surprise that the definition of marriage is under assault when the definitions of father, mother, brother, and sister have been strained and muddled over the last four decades? The Bible takes great pains to list the lineages of both the righteous and the unrighteous in terms of their biological roots rather than the "blended families" of our era. Moreover, for us to truly understand the idea of the Church being the "family of God," we must understand that, just as the biological family has members who are clearly defined, so too being a member of God's family is not a matter of adorning oneself with a label, but an act of our Sovereign Savior.
Recently while at a golf tournament, I walked around with a young man there in support of a girl who was paired with my daughter. I asked how he happened to know Jessica -- was he a brother, a boyfriend, or just a friend? He answered that he was her brother -- her stepbrother. Since a round of golf takes a good 4+ hours, Mark and I had a long chance to talk. I discovered that he was an athlete who competes in the junior Olympics for track and field and that he had just graduated from high school. Midway through the round I asked how long he and Jessica had been stepbrother and stepsister. He answered, "Well, we're not actually brother and sister at all. Our parents have been engaged for nine years, so we sort of call ourselves that. I don't know why they haven't gotten married yet…I guess they want to be sure."
So, how do you define brother and sister? These young people were forced to adopt a relationship that wasn't really theirs. No doubt, they wanted to fit into some recognizable category. When I discussed this with my daughter, she looked at me dumbfounded and said that Jessica had identified Mark as her boyfriend, indicating a dating relationship. When I told her what he had told me, my daughter responded, "That's gross! Dating your brother!"
But think about it. Assuming you have no issue with dating in general, what exactly was "gross" about their relationship? They really aren't brother and sister at all. The fact that they had been thrown together since they were nine and seven years old respectively set up a confusing and non-defined relationship. I let my daughter know that the fault lay with their respective parents who, no doubt, were more interested in gratifying their own desires than caring for the well-being of their children.
Is it any surprise that the definition of marriage is under assault when the definitions of father, mother, brother, and sister have been strained and muddled over the last four decades? The Bible takes great pains to list the lineages of both the righteous and the unrighteous in terms of their biological roots rather than the "blended families" of our era. Moreover, for us to truly understand the idea of the Church being the "family of God," we must understand that, just as the biological family has members who are clearly defined, so too being a member of God's family is not a matter of adorning oneself with a label, but an act of our Sovereign Savior.
Tuesday, July 17, 2007
The Conclusion of the Matter
Let us hear the conclusion of the whole matter: Fear God, and keep his commandments: for this is the whole duty of man.
For God shall bring every work into judgment, with every secret thing, whether it be good, or whether it be evil. (Ecclesiastes 12:13-14)
These are the final verses of the Book of Ecclesiastes. Pretty straightforward stuff. I recall using them on the high school graduation diploma I presented to my son during his graduation ceremony in 1996. It is a portion of Scripture that has come up early and often in the course of the home education of my children.
The conclusion of something is a summation statement of all that has come before. At times it can act as the logical progression of a series of propositions. By implication, if one is at the point of hearing a conclusion, one has also heard the introduction and the body of the idea or thesis. So, fearing God and keeping His commandments would imply that the listeners or readers knew God enough to know He is awesome and One to be feared and revered. They would understand that He has likes and dislikes that have been communicated in the form of authoritative directives. Moreover, these statements of His will have everything to do with what is vital for mankind to live successfully; they are possibly the only truly important concepts human beings need to learn and apply. Finally, we are told at the very end that these commandments act as the "yardstick" to measure goodness or wickedness, faithfulness or faithlessness. In other words, there is no mystery in what it takes to please God.
Yet, few Christians make this their starting point in determining the rightness or wrongness of modern day practices. Instead of filtering all ideas and notions through the sieve of God's written Word, they often go along with what the culture promotes without giving the Commandments of God their function of determining right and wrong. For example, what about gender-changing surgeries? What portion of Scripture covers such practices? Why is drug use wrong? Does Scripture address it? Where? What about the process of freezing embryos for future use? Where in Scripture is one given guidance on this? When (if ever) is it appropriate for someone with a devastating and ravishing illness to say, "Enough is enough. It's time for me to die?"
I am not suggesting that the answers come without study and purposeful application of God's Word. Even those of us who have saturated ourselves in the Law of God for decades have hearty discussions that sometimes reveal differences of opinion. But, in those cases, we are arguing (in the good sense) based on common biblical presuppositions. What do those who say we are no longer under God's law argue from? They do have presuppositions and a law base they are drawing from. It just isn't the Bible. In short, many Christians think like humanists and act like humanists because that is the worldview from which they operate.
The Christian homeschooling teacher had better be an expert on biblical law (or strive to be one) in order to impart to his/her students the necessary starting point for them to successfully live out the conclusion of the whole matter. Ultimately, nothing else really matters.
For God shall bring every work into judgment, with every secret thing, whether it be good, or whether it be evil. (Ecclesiastes 12:13-14)
These are the final verses of the Book of Ecclesiastes. Pretty straightforward stuff. I recall using them on the high school graduation diploma I presented to my son during his graduation ceremony in 1996. It is a portion of Scripture that has come up early and often in the course of the home education of my children.
The conclusion of something is a summation statement of all that has come before. At times it can act as the logical progression of a series of propositions. By implication, if one is at the point of hearing a conclusion, one has also heard the introduction and the body of the idea or thesis. So, fearing God and keeping His commandments would imply that the listeners or readers knew God enough to know He is awesome and One to be feared and revered. They would understand that He has likes and dislikes that have been communicated in the form of authoritative directives. Moreover, these statements of His will have everything to do with what is vital for mankind to live successfully; they are possibly the only truly important concepts human beings need to learn and apply. Finally, we are told at the very end that these commandments act as the "yardstick" to measure goodness or wickedness, faithfulness or faithlessness. In other words, there is no mystery in what it takes to please God.
Yet, few Christians make this their starting point in determining the rightness or wrongness of modern day practices. Instead of filtering all ideas and notions through the sieve of God's written Word, they often go along with what the culture promotes without giving the Commandments of God their function of determining right and wrong. For example, what about gender-changing surgeries? What portion of Scripture covers such practices? Why is drug use wrong? Does Scripture address it? Where? What about the process of freezing embryos for future use? Where in Scripture is one given guidance on this? When (if ever) is it appropriate for someone with a devastating and ravishing illness to say, "Enough is enough. It's time for me to die?"
I am not suggesting that the answers come without study and purposeful application of God's Word. Even those of us who have saturated ourselves in the Law of God for decades have hearty discussions that sometimes reveal differences of opinion. But, in those cases, we are arguing (in the good sense) based on common biblical presuppositions. What do those who say we are no longer under God's law argue from? They do have presuppositions and a law base they are drawing from. It just isn't the Bible. In short, many Christians think like humanists and act like humanists because that is the worldview from which they operate.
The Christian homeschooling teacher had better be an expert on biblical law (or strive to be one) in order to impart to his/her students the necessary starting point for them to successfully live out the conclusion of the whole matter. Ultimately, nothing else really matters.
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